br Methodology Basic indicators for evaluating

Methodology Basic indicators for evaluating the blast-resistant architectural spaces were identified in this study using library resources. The proposed indices were extracted from interviews with experts in the field of architecture and explosives (Table 1). A questionnaire was presented to 15 experts to acquire ideas for determining the effective indicators. The degree of each index was determined in a frame of the nine-point Likert scale by applying the group decision-making method based on a pairwise comparison model. Finally, the preferences and ultimate weights of the indices were determined. Moreover, the Cronbach\'s Alpha test and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) were used to evaluate the validity of the questionnaires (Carver and Nash, 2009).
Associated indicators with the architectural space of the buildings Architectural space is another effective topic on explosion-resistant architecture. According to the views of expert on the community, architecture styles, and information from the book, “Form, Space, and Discipline” of D.K.Ching (2007), the indicators affecting architectural space include the following: The final weight is given in Table 1 from the analysis of the questionnaire results.
Conclusion
Introduction Copper hall is a special type of traditional building in Chinese architecture. Copper halls imitate traditional Chinese timber architecture in terms of their structure, with all their components purchase Aminoallyl-dUTP from copper alloys. When western travelers and missionaries introduced Chinese architecture to the western world at the end of the 19th century, they already noticed these shining copper halls. Although they did not have sufficient knowledge and technology to analyze the building materials at that time, these copper buildings were referred to as “golden temples”, “bronze shrines”, or “brass temples” (Baber, 1882; Baker, 1971). Joseph Needham originally thought that these buildings were cast out of bronze (Needham, 1971). Except for the term “golden temples”, all the other terms are inaccurate because some copper halls are made of bronze, others are made of brass, and two of them are a mixture of both. Bronze and brass are different copper alloys. The history and significance of the application of morph two alloys in China is extremely different. Thus, the determination of the accurate composition of the alloys is significant to architectural history and the history of science and technology. Furthermore, if the alloys were deliberately chosen for each building or for each building component, the strategy and motivation for choosing the building materials is worth discussing to propose important theories on the application of building materials in architectural history as well as the history of science and technology. Finally, the results of the analysis will provide a necessary database for the preservation of the copper halls. However, after the above mentioned initial attempts, no further research on the structure or the materials of the copper halls was conducted by Chinese or Western scholars for over a century. Up to date, China has six surviving ancient copper halls, which are dated from 1307 AD to 1755 AD, as shown in Table 1. These halls are located in different regions of China, and most of are located in the mountains. Previous scholarship did not obtain material samples for laboratory analysis, because the existing techniques were limited, and the material issue did not attract sufficient interest from historians. Further, all the copper halls are National Protected Cultural Properties. Thus, sample collection from these may damage to the properties, although a few samples are occasionally permitted to be taken.
Materials and methods
Results
Discussion
Conclusions
Acknowledgements This work is financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant no. 50878043) and the Scientific Research Foundation of the Graduate School of Southeast University (YBJJ1019). The authors thank Mr. Li Tao (Michem Technology Ltd.), Mr. Yan Xiao-Nian (Administrative Office of Golden Hall Park in Kunming), and Mr. Zhao Yuan-Xiang (Chengdu Institute of Archeology) for their kind assistance with the field work.