• Attempting to further elucidate the role of glucagon and act

  2022-07-21

  

  Attempting to further elucidate the role of transcription factor and activation of the Gcgr without the influence of GLP-1, we used DT-Gcg mice with acute knockdown of all proglucagon products. This mouse model has previously been shown previously to have a normal total islet area as well as β cell

• br Introduction The growth hormone secretagogue

  2022-07-21

  

  Introduction The growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) gene, which was first isolated from rats and humans (Kojima et al., 1999), comprises two exons and one intron in mammals and chicken. The pig GHSR is located on chromosome 13 (range 110,981,465–111,006,149 on Reference Sscrofa11.1). Alt

• In fact changes in mitochondrial dynamics directly affects m

  2022-07-21

  

  In fact, changes in mitochondrial dynamics directly affects many things including cellular metabolism [127], mitochondrial mass and turnover [128], mitochondrial transport, and calcium buffering [129]. Nigrostriatal DA neurons seem to have a preferential susceptibility to loss of Mfn2 when compared

• br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion Several

  2022-07-21

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Several peripheral hormones that are involved in the central regulation of energy homeostasis, such as leptin, insulin, and amylin [34], [35], [36], [37], [38], cross the BBB by saturable and unsaturable mechanisms. Whether these transport processes

• br Mechanisms of gap junction internalization disaggregation

  2022-07-21

  

  Mechanisms of gap junction internalization: disaggregation, endocytosis and annular gap junctions It has been clearly shown that gap junction internalization can occur by a distinctive mechanism where one cell internalizes an entire gap junction via formation of double membrane structure termed a

• br Acknowledgments The research leading to these results was

  2022-07-21

  

  Acknowledgments The research leading to these results was funded by European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement No. 222719 – LIFECYCLE and by the Foundation for Science and Technology of Portugal (FCT), through projects PTDC/MAR-BIO/3890/2012 and PEst-C/

• As mentioned earlier two different isoforms of

  2022-07-21

  

  As mentioned earlier two different isoforms of TFE3 [16] have been reported viz. the full length (TFE3L) and smaller (TFE3S) without exon 1&2. TFE3S lacks an N-terminal acidic activation domain which is present in TFE3L hence is a dominant negative form of TFE3L [51]. This dominant negative feature

• Type II diabetes is characterized by an inability to maintai

  2022-07-21

  

  Type II diabetes is characterized by an inability to maintain glucose homeostasis due to insulin desensitization and/or insufficient insulin secretion. GPR40, also known as free fatty 4E1RCat receptor 1 (FFAR1), is a member of the G-protein-coupled lipid-activated family of receptors and is primari

• Mammals and birds are sensitive either to hypo

  2022-07-21

  

  Mammals and birds are sensitive either to hypo or hyper glycemia. In contrary some frogs when freezing/thawing experience very high glycemia (Storey and Storey, 1986). Nevertheless when the effect of temperature on Fru-2,6P2 concentration was investigated, the constant glucose level in frogs kept at

• Similar to in vitro data in vivo studies have also

  2022-07-21

  

  Similar to in vitro data, in vivo studies have also revealed modulation of TLR4-induced inflammatory responses by AEA. The proposed AEA reuptake inhibitor AM404 has been shown to attenuate TLR4-induced increases in plasma levels of IL-6 and IL-1β, the latter effect mediated by CB1 receptor activatio

• Here we report a new human

  2022-07-21

  

  Here, we report a new human genetic disorder in a patient with hypoalgesia, altered fear and memory symptoms, and a non-anxious disposition. This disorder is attributable to co-inheritance of a microdeletion in a novel pseudogene and a known FAAH hypomorphic SNP. The microdeletion is flanked by repe

• br The hedgehog signalling pathway The canonical

  2022-07-19

  

  The hedgehog signalling pathway The canonical Hh pathway is a conserved, highly complex signalling cascade, with many players and intricate regulation. However, it can be simplified into four fundamental components: i) the ligand Hh, ii) the receptor Patched (Patch [PTCH1]), iii) the signal trans

• br Acknowledgments br Introduction Guanosine

  2022-07-19

  

  Acknowledgments Introduction Guanosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) is a signaling molecule with key roles in diverse (patho) physiological responses and processes in numerous prokaryotes and all eukaryotes. The number of reports stating the role of cGMP in different processes in plants i

• The GSTP promoter region in PCA cells

  2022-07-19

  

  The GSTP1 promoter region in PCA cells without or with reduced GSTP1 mRNA expression had a different histone modification pattern than BPH-1 cells with GSTP1 mRNA expression: the repressive histone modifications H3K9me3/H3K27me2 were distinctly increased and H3K27me3/H3K9me2 were slightly decreased

• Typically upon chronic agonist exposure GPCRs undergo desens

  2022-07-19

  

  Typically, upon chronic agonist exposure GPCRs undergo desensitization and internalization resulting in a loss of receptor responsiveness over time (Drake et al., 2006, Kelly et al., 2008). However, not all GPCR systems conform to this model of acute agonist-mediated regulation. Some receptors have

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